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RADNAV-RH-CHAPTER14-GPS
1.
What is the inclination to the equatorial plane of the satellites orbit in the NAVSTAR GPS constellation?
a) 55o
b) 45o
c) 35o
d) 65o
2.
What is the minimum number of satellites required for a Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GNSS/GPS) to carry out two dimensional operation?
a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2
3.
Almanac data stored in the receiver of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is used for the:
a) recognition of Selective Availability (SA)
b) fast identification of received signals coming from visible satellites
c) assignment of received PRN-codes (Pseudo Random Noise) to the
appropriate satellite
d) correction of receiver clock error
4.
Which of the following statements about the accuracy that can be obtained with the differential technique (D-GPS) of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is correct?
a) The increase in accuracy of position fixes is independent of the receiver position in relation to a D-GPS ground station
b) The nearer a receiver is situated to a D-GPS ground station, the more accurate the position fix
c) A D-GPS receiver can detect and correct for SA providing a more accurate position fix
d) Only D-GPS allows position fixes accurate enough for Non Precision Approaches
5.
The distance between a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite and receiver is:
a) determined by the time taken for the signal to arrive from the satellite multiplied by the speed of light
b) calculated from the Doppler shift of the known frequencies
c) calculated, using the WGS-84 reference system, from the known positions of the satellite and the receiver
d) determined by the phase shift of the Pseudo Random Noise code multiplied by the speed of light
6.
Which of the following is the datum for altitude information when conducting flights under IFR conditions on airways using the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system?
a) GPS altitude if 4 or more satellites are received otherwise barometric
altitude
b) The average of GPS altitude and barometric altitude
c) GPS altitude
d) Barometric altitude
7.
In relation to the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, what is involved in the differential technique (D-GPS)?
a) Receivers from various manufacturers are operated in parallel to reduce the characteristical receiver noise error
b) The difference between signals transmitted on the L1 and L2 frequencies are processed by the receiver to determine an error correction
c) Fixed ground stations compute position errors and transmit correction data to a suitable receiver on the aircraft
d) Signals from satellites are received by 2 different antennas which are located a fixed distance apart. This enables a suitable receiver on the aircraft to recognise and correct for multipath errors
8.
INMARSAT coverage is limited to below 80oN and 80oS because:
a) the satellites cross the equator at 55o and therefore do not traverse the polar region
b) the aurora borealis affects the satellite operation
c) the satellite orbits are geostationary
d) polar cap absorbtion affects the signals beyond those latitudes
9.
The height derived by a receiver from the NAVSTAR/GPS is:
a) above mean sea level
b) above ground level
c) above the WGS84 ellipsoid
d) pressure altitude
10.
The required 24 NAVSTAR/GPS operational satellites are located on:
a) 6 orbital planes with 3 satellites in each plane plus 6 reserve satellites
positioned in a geostationary orbital plane
b) 3 orbital planes with 8 satellites in each plane
c) 4 orbital planes with 6 satellites in each plane
d) 6 orbital planes with 4 satellites in each plane
11.
The receiver aerial for a NAVSTAR/GPS system should be mounted:
a) under the fuselage in order to receive correction data transmitted by D-
GPS stations
b) inside the tail fin to minimise the influence of reflections from the wing
and fuselage
c) in the vicinity of the receiver to avoid long transmission lines
d) on the upper side of the fuselage in the vicinity of the centre of gravity
12.
In relation to the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS which of the following statements correctly describes the term Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) signal?
a) PRN describes the continuous electro-magnetical background noise that exists in space
b) PRN is the atmospheric jamming that affects the signals transmitted by the satellites
c) PRN is a code used for the identification of the satellites and the measurement of the time taken by the signal to reach the receiver
d) PRN occurs in the receiver. It is caused by the signal from one satellite being received from different directions (multipath effect)
13.
An all in view satellite navigation receiver is one which:
a) monitors all 24 satellites
b) tracks selected satellites
c) selects and tracks all (in view) satellites and selects the best four
d) tracks the closest satellites
14.
In NAVSTAR/GPS the PRN codes are used to:
a) differentiate between satellites
b) pass satgellite ephemeris information
c) pass satellite time and ephemeris information
d) pass satellite time, ephemeris and other information
15.
Which of the following satellite navigation systems has Full Operational Capability (FOC) and is approved for specified flights under IFR conditions in Europe?
a) NNSS-Transit
b) NAVSTAR/GPS
c) COSPAS-SARSAT
d) GLONASS
16.
What is the purpose of the GPS control segment?
a) To control the use of the satellites by unauthorised users
b) To monitor the satellites in orbit
c) To maintain the satellites in orbit
d) Degrade the accuracy of satellites for unauthorised users
17.
In relation to the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS, All in View is a term used when a receiver:
a) is receiving the signals of all visible satellites but tracking only those the 4 with the best geometric coverage
b) is tracking more than the required 4 satellites and can instantly replace any lost signal with another already being monitored
c) is receiving and tracking the signals of all 24 operational satellites simultaneously
d) requires the signals of all visible satellites for navigation purposes
18.
The orbital planes of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS are:
a) inclined 55o to the equatorial plane
b) inclined 55o to the earth axis
c) inclined 90o to the equatorial plane
d) parallel to the equatorial plane
19.
GPS system satellites transmit their signals on two carrier waves 1575 MHz and 1227 MHz and supply two possible codes accessible according to user (civil or military). Commercial aviation uses:
a) only the 1.575 MHz carrier wave and two codes
b) only the 1.575 MHz carrier wave and one code
c) only the 1.227 MHz carrier wave and one code
d) the two carrier waves and one public code
20.
The number of satellites required for a fully operational NAVSTAR/GPS is:
a) 12
b) 21
c) 24
d) 30
21.
How long does it take a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite to orbit the earth?
a) 12 days
b) Approximately 24 hours (one sidereal day)
c) Approximately 12 hours (1/2 of a sidereal day)
d) 365 days because the satellites are located in a geostationary orbit
22.
The GPS Navstar system transmits in the L1 and L2 frequency bands. Which bands are used for the P codes and which for the C/A codes?
a) Higher frequency for the C/A code and lower frequency for the P code
b) Higher frequency for the C/A and P codes
c) Higher frequency for the P code only
d) Lower frequency for the C/A code and higher frequency for the P code
23.
Which of the following statements concerning the L1 and L2 NAVSTAR/GPS transmission frequencies and codes is correct?
a) C/A and P codes are transmitted at different times on both frequencies
b) The higher frequency is used to transmit both the C/A and P codes
c) The higher frequency is only used to transmit the P code
d) The lower frequency is used to transmit both the C/A and P codes
24.
Which of the following lists are all errors that affect the accuracy and reliability of the Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GNSS/GPS)?
a) Satelliite to ground time lag; atmospheric propagation; satellite clock
b) Satellite mutual interference; satellite ephemeris; atmospheric propagation
c) Satellite clock; satellite ephemeris; atmospheric propagation
d) Satellite mutual interference; frequency drift; satellite to ground time lag
25.
The NAVSTAR/GPS segments are:
a) space, control, user
b) space, control, ground
c) space, control, air
d) space, ground, air
26.
During flight using NAVSTAR/GPS and conventional navigation systems, you see a large error between the positions given by the systems. The action you should take is:
a) continue the flight in VMC
b) continue using the conventional systems
c) continue using the GPS
d) switch off the faulty system after determining which one is in error
27.
The NAVSTAR/GPS constellation comprises:
a) 24 satellites in 6 orbits
b) 24 satellites in 4 orbits
c) 24 satellites in 3 orbits
d) 24 satellites in 8 orbits
28.
In the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, receiver clock error:
a) is the biggest part of the total error, it cannot be corrected
b) is corrected by using signals from four satellites
c) can be minimised by synchronisation of the receiver clock with the satellite clocks
d) is negligible small because of the great accuracy the atomic clocks
installed in the satellites
29.
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the principle behind the correction of one of the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system errors by the transmission of the signal on two frequencies (L1 and L2)?
a) The effect of signal reflections (multipath effect) can be reduced due to the interference of both frequencies
b) The effect of receiver noise can be reduced due to the interference of both frequencies
c) Thecarrier path delay of the signals in the earth atmosphere is proportional to the inverse of the frequency squared
d) The influence of shadowing on the GPS signals is proportional to the inverse of the carrier frequency squared
30.
In which frequency bands are the L1 and L2 frequencies used by the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS for transmission of the navigation message?
a) EHF
b) VHF
c) UHF
d) SHF
31.
Which GNSS system can be used for IFR flights in Europe?
a) NAVSTAR/GPS
b) GLONASS
c) COSPAS/SARSAT
d) TNSS transit
32.
What is the minimum number of NAVSTAR/GPS satellites required to produce an accurate independent 3-D position fix?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 24
d) 4
33.
The basic elements of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS are the:
a) control, space and user segments
b) main control station, the monitoring station and the ground antennas
c) antenna, the receiver and the central control unit (CCU)
d) atomic clock, power supply and transponder
34.
In the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, what is the maximum time taken to receive the complete set of almanac data from all satellites?
a) 25 seconds (= 1 second per data frame)
b) 12 hours (= period of the satellites orbit)
c) 12.5 minutes (= 30 seconds per data frame)
d) 24 seconds (= 1 second per data frame)
35.
The skysearch carried out by a GNSS receiver:
a) is done prior to each fix
b) is done when the receiver position is in error
c) involves the receiver downloading the almanac from each satellite before determining which satellites are in view
d) is the procedure carried out by the monitoring stations to check the accuracy of the satellite data
36.
The visibility of GPS satellites is:
a) dependent on the location of the user
b) greatest at the equator
c) greatest at the poles
d) the same at all points on and close to the surface of the earth
37.
Which of the following combinations of satellite navigation systems provide the most accurate position fixes in air navigation?
a) GLONASS and COSPAS-SARSAT
b) NAVSTAR/GPS and NNSS-Transit
c) NNSS-Transit and GLONASS
d) NAVSTAR/GPS and GLONASS
38.
The distance measured between a satellite and a receiver is known as a pseudo-range because:
a) it is measured using pseudo-random codes
b) it includes receiver clock error
c) satellite and receiver are continually moving in relation to each other
d) it is measured against idealised Keplerian orbits
39.
One of the tasks of the space segment of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is to:
a) transmit signals which can be used by sitable receivers to determine time,position and velocity
b) transmit signals to suitable receivers and to monitor the orbital planes autonomously
c) compute the user position from the received user messages and to transmit the computed position back to the user segment
d) monitor the satellites orbits and status
40.
What are the effects, if any, of shadowing by parts of the aircraft (eg. Wing) on the reception of signals from NAVSTAR/GPS satellites?
a) It may prevent the reception of signals
b) It causes multipath propagation
c) The signals will be distorted, however the error can be corrected for using an algorithm and iformation from unaffected signals
d) It has no influence because high frequency signals are unaffected
41.
Concerning the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, what is the meaning of the term Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)?
a) It is a method whereby a receiver ensures the integrity of the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code transmitted by the satellites
b) it is the abilityof the GPS satellites to check the integrity of the data transmitted by the monitoring stations of the ground segment
c) it is a technique by which a receiver ensures the integrity of the navigation information
d) It is a technique whereby the receivers of the world-wide distributed monitor stations (ground segment) automatically determines the integrity of the navigation message
42.
What datum is used for the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) on a non-precision approach when using the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system?
a) If using Differential-GPS (D-GPS) the altitude obtained from the D-GPS,
otherwise barometric altitude
b) Barometric altitude
c) Radar altitude
d) GPS altitude
43.
In civil aviation, the height value computed by the receiver of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is the:
a) height above Mean Sea Level (MSL)
b) geometric height above ground
c) height above the WGS-84 ellipsoid
d) flight level
44.
Which one of the following is an advantage of a multi-sensor system using inputs from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and an inertial navigational system (INS)?
a) The average position calculated from data provided by both systems
increases overall accuracy
b) The activation of Selective Availability can be recognised by the INS
c) The GNSS can be used toupdate a drifting INS
d) The only advantage of coupling both systems is double redundancy
45.
Which one of the following errors can be compensated for by a NAVSTAR/GPS receiver comparing L1 and L2 frequencies?
a) Ionospheric
b) Multipath
c) Tropospheric
d) Receiver noise
46.
The geometric shape of the reference system for the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS, defined as WGS 84, is
a) an ellipsoid
b) a mathematical model that describes the exact shape of the earth
c) a sphere
d) a geoid
47.
In NAVSTAR/GPS the PRN codes are used to:
a) reduce ionospheric and tropospheric errors
b) determine satellite range
c) eliminate satellite clock and ephemeris errors
d) remove recediver clock error
48.
The time required for a GNSS receiver to download the satellite almanac for the: NAVSTAR/GPS is:
a) 12.5 minutes
b) 12 hours
c) 30 seconds
d) 15 minutes
49.
NAVSTAR GPS receiver clock error is removed by:
a) regular auto-synchronisation with the satellite clocks
b) adjusting the pseudo-ranges to determine the error
c) synchronisation with the satellite clocks on initialisation
d) having an appropriate atomic time standard within the receiver
50.
GPS satellite transmit on two L-band frequencies with different types of signals. Which of these are generally available for use by civil aviation?
a) L1-coarse acquisition (C/A) with selected availability (S/A)
b) L2-coarse acquisition (C/A)
c) L1-precise (P)
d) L2-selected availability (S/A)
51.
The main task of the user segment (receiver) of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is to:
a) select appropriate satellites automatically to track the signals and to measure the time taken by signals from the satellites to reach the receiver
b) transmit signals which, from the time taken, are used to determine the distance to the satellite
c) to monitor the status of the satellites, determine their positions and to measure the time
d) monitor the orbital planes of the satellites
52.
Which of the following procedures must be adopted if, on a flight under IFR conditions using a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system receiver, the position fix obtained from the GPS receiver differs from the position conventional navigation systems by an unacceptable amount?
a) it must be continued under VFR conditions
b) It may be continued using NAVSTAR/GPS; prior to the next flight all
systems must be checked
c) It may be continued using conventional navigation systems
d) The pilot must determine the reason for the deviation and correct the error
or switch off the faulty system
53.
What are the basic elements transmitted by NAVSTAR/GPS satellites?
i offset of the satellite clock from GMT
ii edphemeris data
iii health data
iv ionospheric delays
v solar activity
a) i, ii, iii, iv, v
b) i, ii, iii
c) i, ii, iv
d) ii, iii, iv
54.
The number of satellites required to provide a 3D fix without RAIM is:
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 3
55.
How does a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system receiver recognise which of the received signals belongs to which satellite?
a) Each satellite transmits its signal on a separate frequency
b) The Doppler shift is unique to each satellite
c) The receiver detects the direction from which the signals are received and
compares this information with the calculated positions of the satellites
d) Each satellite transmits its signal, on common frequencies, with an individual Pseudo Random Noise code
56.
How many operational satellites are required for Full Operational Capability (FOC) of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS?
a) 30
b) 18
c) 12
d) 24
57.
Which of the following geometric satellite constellations provides the most accurate NAVSTAR/GPS position fix?
a) 3 satellites with an azimuth of 120o from each other and an elevation of 45o above the horizon
b) 3 satellites with a low elevation above the horizon and an azimuth of 120o from each other together with a fourth directly overhead
c) 4 satellites with an azimuth of 90o from each other and a low elevation above the horizon
d) 4 satellites with an azimuth of 90o from each other and an elevation of 45o above the horizon
58.
In the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, Selective Availability (SA) is the artificial degradation of the navigation accuracy by:
a) shutting off selected satellites
b) dithering the satellite clock
c) using a less accurate atomic clock in a satellite for signal processing
d) offsetting satellite atomic clocks by a predetermined constant amount
59.
The NAVSTAR/GPS space segment:
a) provides X, Y and Y co-ordinates and monitoring of the accuracy of the satellite data
b) provides X. Y, Z and T co-ordinates and the constellation data
c) monitors the accuracy of the satellite data and provides system time
d) provides geographic position and UTC
60.
Which of the following lists all the parameters that can be determined by a GPS receiver tracking signals from 4 different satellites?
a) Latitude, longitude and altitude
b) Latitude and longitude
c) Latitude, longitude and time
d) Latitude, longitude, altitude and time
61.
The height of the GPS Navstar system above the earth in km is:
a) 10900 km
b) 10250 km
c) 19000 km
d) 20200 km
62.
What is the minimum number of satellites required by a GPS in order to obtain a three dimensional fix?
a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6
63.
The GPS satellite navigation system suffers from the following errors:
a) Interference from other satellites, clock bias, time lag
b) Ephemeris, clock bias, propogation
c) Ephemeris, interference from other satellites, propagation
d) Ephemeris, time lag, interference from other satellites
64.
In which frequency band do Satellite-Assisted Navigation systems (GNSS/GPS) provide position information that is available to civil aircraft?
a) EHF
b) SHF
c) UHF
d) VHF
65.
At what approximate height above the WGS-84 ellipsoid are NAVSTAR/GPS satellites circling the earth?
a) 20200 km
b) 10900 km
c) 36000 km
d) 19500 km
66.
The GPS satellite navigation system operates by:
a) measuring the time for the signal to travel to the receiver andback
b) measuring the time for the signal to reach the receiver
c) phase comparison
d) measuring the phase of the incoming signal
67.
To provide 3D fixing with RAIM and allowing for the loss of one satellite requires ___ SVs:
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
68.
Which of the following data, in addition to the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code, forms part of the so called Navigation Message transmitted by NAVSTAR/GPS satellites?
a) Time; data to impair the accuracy of the position fix (Selective
Availability SA)
b) Almanac data; satellite status information
c) Data to correct receiver clock error; almanac data
d) Time; position of the satellites
69.
What fix can be obtained from four satellites of the GPS system disregarding RAIM?
a) Latitude, longitude and time
b) Latitude, longitude and altitude
c) Latitude and longitude
d) Latitude, longitude, altitude and time
70.
The reason why the measured distance between a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system satellite and a receiver is called a Pseudo-Range is because the:
a) measured distance is based on the Pseudo Random Noise code
b) calculated range includes receiver clock error
c) movement of satellite and receiver during the distance calculation is not taken into account
d) calculated range is based on an idealised Keplerian orbit
71.
Which GPS frequencies are available for commercial air transport?
a) 1227.6 MHz only
b) 1575.42 MHz only
c) 1227.6 MHz and 1575.42 MHz
d) 1227.6 MHz or 1575.42 MHz
72.
What is RAIM and what is its function?
a) Integrity monitoring of satellites by the receiver to ensure accurate navigation
b) GPS integrity monitoring of master and slave stations to ensure correct alignment
c) Resolution and intensity monitoring for increased accuracy
d) Integrity monitoring of satellites by the master station to increase accuracy
73.
What is the procedure to be followed if, on a flight under IFR conditions using the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, the number of satellites required to maintain the RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) function are not available?
a) The flight may be continued using other certificated navigation systems
b) The flight has to be continued under VFR conditions
c) A constant heading and speed must be flown until the required number of satellites are again available
d) The flight may be continued as planned if at least 4 satellites are available and the pilot monitors the GPS-System manually
74.
In a Satellite-Assisted Navigation system (GNSS/GPS) a position line is obtained by:
a) timing the period that is taken for a satellites transmission to reach the aircraft’s receiver
b) the aircrafts receiver measuring the phase angle of the signal received from a satellite in a known position
c) timing the period that is taken for a transmission from the aircraft’s transmitter/receiver to reach and return from a satellite in a known position
d) the aircraft’s receiver measuring the time difference between signals received from a minimum number of satellites
75.
A satellite navigation system requires information from ___ satellites to give a three dimensional fix without considering RAIM.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
76.
One of the tasks of the control segment of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is to:
a) manipulate the signals of selected satellites to reduce the precision of the position fix (Selective Availability SA)
b) manufacture and launch the satellites
c) monitor the status of the satellites
d) grant and monitor user authorisations
77.
Unauthorised civilian users of NAVSTAR/GPS can access:
a) the P and Y codes
b) the P code
c) the C/A and P codes
d) the C/A code
78.
How many satellites are required for a 3D GPS fix using RAIM with the ability to discard one faulty satellite?
a) 6
b) 5
c) 4
d) 3
79.
The influence of the ionosphere on the accuracy of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS is:
a) only significant if the satellites are located at a small elevation angle
above the horizon
b) minimised by computing the average of all signals
c) minimised by the receiver using a model of the atmosphere and comparing signals transmitted by the satellites
d) negligible
80.
Which of the following, if any, is a prerequisite if a receiver of a NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system is to be used in combination with a multi-sensor system?
a) Multi-sensor systems are not certificated for flights under IFR conditions
b) The prescribed IFR-equipment must be in working correctly and the
navigation information continuously displayed
c) The RAIM-function of the GPS receiver must be able to monitor all
prescribed navigation systems
d) The prescribed IFR-equipment must be installed and operational
81.
In relation to the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS, the term inclination denotes the angle between the:
a) orbital plane and the equatorial plane
b) horizontal plane at the location of the receiver and the direct line to a
satellite
c) orbital plane and the earth’s axis
d) horizontal plane at the location of the receiver and the orbital plane of a
satellite
82.
The preferred GNSS receiver for airborne application is:
a) multiplex
b) multi-channel
c) sequential
d) fast multiplex
83.
What type of satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS receiver is most suitable for use on board an aircraft?
a) Sequential
b) Multichannel
c) Multiplex
d) Any hand held type
84.
Signal reception is required from a minimum number of satellites that have adequate elevation and suitable geometry in order for a Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GNSS/GPS) to carry out independent three dimensional operation, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and to isolate any faulty satellite and remove it from contributing to the navigation solutin. The number of satellites is:
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
85.
Signal reception is required from a minimum number of satellites that have adequate elevation and suitable geometry in order for a Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GPS) to carry out independent three dimensional operation without the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) function. The number of satellites is:
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
86.
Which of the following co-ordinate systems is used by the GPS receiver to determine position (Latitude, longitude and altitude)?
a) EUREF 92
b) WGS 84
c) ED 87
d) ED 50
87.
Which of the following NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system codes can be processed by unauthorised civil aviation receivers?
a) C/A and P
b) P and Y
c) C/A
d) P
88.
Which of the following statements about the visibility of NAVSTAR/GPS satellites is correct?
a) It is greatest at the equator
b) It is greatest at the poles
c) It varies, depending on the time and observers location
d) It is the same throughout the globe
89.
In the event of the use of Selective Availability, how does this affect, if at all, the navigation accuracy of the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system?
a) It degrades accuracy by reducing the number of available satellites
b) It degrades position accuracy by manipulating satellitie signals
c) It increases because only signals from satellites in the roost suitable geometric constellation are selected by the receiver
d) It has no influence because, by selecting of the most suitable signals, the computing process in the receiver is quicker
90.
How does a receiver of the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system determine the elevation and azimuth data of a satellite relative to the location of the antenna?
a) The data is determined by the satellite and transmitted together with the navigation message
b) It calculates it by using Almanac data transmitted by the satellites
c) The data is stored in the receiver together with the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code
d) The data is based on the direction to the satellite determined at the location of the antenna
91.
In relation to the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, Search the Sky is a:
a) continuous procedure performed by the receiver that searches the sky for satellites rising above the horizon
b) procedure that starts after switching on a receiver if there is no stored satellite data available
c) continuous process by the ground segment to monitor the GPS satellites
d) procedure performed by the receiver to recognise new satellites becoming operational
92.
A pseudo range in GNSS is in error because of:
a) ionospheric delays
b) receiver clock error
c) satellite clock error
d) all of these
93.
Clock bias is the process of correcting the pseudo range for:
a) receiver clock errors
b) satellite clock errors
c) receiver and satellite clock errors
d) UTC errors
94.
Which of the following statements is true in respect of GNSS?
a) The C/A code is the only code available for civilian use. It is transmitted only on L1
b) The P code is the only code available for civilian use. It is transmitted on L
c) The C/A code is for authorised (military) use only. It is transmitted on both L1 and L2
d) The P code is for authorised (military) use only. It is transmitted only on L2
95.
Airborne GNSS receivers are protected from the effects of selective availability (SA) by:
a) warning transmitted on the satellite Nav message
b) use of RAIM techniques
c) warning transmitted from the ground segment
d) NOTAMS
96.
What is the minimum number of satellites required for a Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GNSS/GPS) to carry out two dimensional operation?
a) three satellites
b) two satellites
c) two satellites and altimeter
d) four satellites
97.
In respect of the use of GNSS, Dilution of Precision (DOP) is a loss of accuracy due to:
a) relative position of the visible satellites
b) ionospheric effects
c) multi-path signals from some satellites
d) use of satellites at low altitudes
98.
How many GPS satellites must be in view of a receiver in order to resolve clock bias?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
99.
In a Satellite-Assisted Navigation System (GNSS/GPS) a fix is obtained by:
a) the aircraft’s receiver measuring the phase angle of signals received from a number of satellites in known positions
b) measuring the time taken for an aircraft’s transmissions to travel to a number of satellites, in known positions and return to the aircraft’s receiver
c) measuring the pulse lengths of signals received from a minimum number of satellites received in a specific sequential order
d) measuring the time taken for a minimum number of satellites transmissions, in known positions, to reach the aircraft’s receiver
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